Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) has revolutionized cancer research by enabling comprehensive genomic profiling of tumors at unprecedented speed and accuracy. This technology allows researchers to identify genetic mutations, rearrangements, and expression changes across the entire genome, providing deep insights into the molecular mechanisms driving cancer progression and resistance to treatments. NGS facilitates the discovery of novel oncogenes, tumor suppressors, and biomarkers, paving the way for the development of targeted therapies and personalized medicine approaches. By capturing the complexity and heterogeneity of cancer, NGS empowers the design of more effective diagnostic tools, therapeutic strategies, and monitoring techniques, significantly enhancing patient outcomes and advancing our understanding of cancer biology.